vswr to return loss calculator. It is a necessary tool for designers when they want to ensure that their antennas are working correctly and performing as expected. vswr to return loss calculator

 
 It is a necessary tool for designers when they want to ensure that their antennas are working correctly and performing as expectedvswr to return loss calculator return loss Calculator:(by using VSWR) Formula is:: VSWR= return loss = VSWR Calculator: This is the ratio of maximum voltage to minimum voltage in standing wave pattern

Stripline Impedance calculator Smith charts VSWR/Return loss converter Wavelength calculator Wilkinson splitter designer. , some amount of incident power will reflect the source in a practical system). To use this calculator to determine the effective VSWR/Return Loss of an attenuator/device combination, enter the attenuation, VSWR or Return Loss, and Gain of the device, then press the ‘Calculate button’. be used to add or subtract an arbitrary number of power, to convert power and voltage units from the linear to the logarithmic. VSWR (Voltage Standing Wave Ratio) is the measure of how efficiently RF power is transmitted and is expressed as a ratio of the maximum to minimum. This makes it a more direct measure of reflections than VSWR. everything RF has aforementioned largest selection of online calculators for of RF and Microwave Industry. Return loss is a measure in dB of the ratio of power in the incident wave to that in the reflected wave, and we define it to have a negative value. They will show SWR and Return Loss (RL). 8. 1 and VSWR = 5, which yields the required value p = (1 – 5q)/5 = 0. This calculator uses the following formulas for converting the values between the VSWR, return loss, reflection coefficient, and mismatch loss. This calculator converts Return loss (RL) to Voltage Standing Wave Ratio (VSWR). Note, that in this conversion to return loss all phase information is lost. A high return loss is desirable and results in a lower insertion loss . The easiest way to improve return loss is to add an attenuator. 32 dB and 1. Return loss, also known as reflection loss, is a measure of the fraction of power that is not delivered by a source to a load. A VSWR of 1:1 indicates a perfect match, meaning all power is being efficiently transferred, while higher values suggest mismatches and power loss. applied return loss and RF power, measured at 1 GHz. REGISTER. 0 dBFor our measurements we replace the antenna with a 50 ohm termination (vswr 1. Calculations Pathloss / RSSI; Missmatch Loss; IP3 / SFDR Calculator; IP3, IP2, 1dB Comp. VSWR to Return Loss Formula VSWR = (1 + 10-RL/20)/ (1 - 10-RL/20) Example Calculation A Return. Low-pass lumped element filters. This is an online numeric that calculates VSWR based on Return Loss. Note : It is quite possible, that other calculators deliver slightly different results. Calculates the resistor values, attenuation, 'impedance', reflection coefficient, VSWR and return loss of a Pi attenuator. VSWR to Return Loss (dB) Converter; Return Loss (dB) to VSWR Converter; Power Conversion : dBm - volts - watts; Phase Noise to Phase Jitter Converter; Phase Jitter to Phase Noise Converter; ppm to Hz Converter; misc. The table below converts between VSWR, return loss, reflection coefficient, mismatch loss, reflected power and through power. Reflection. Just enter the value and click calculate. Return loss can be measured by using microwave and RF test equipment such as a signal generator, directional coupler along with a spectrum analyser or power meter, or alternatively by using a vector network analyser. 9, for system 2 is 0. VSWR and Return Loss RF Calculator. In the above. July 7, 2021 By Bill Schweber. Then click the "Calculate" button next to the value you just typed to compute the others. Return loss can be measured by using microwave and RF test. One is tempted to seek the maximum value and make a “pass / fail” decision based on this value. Load serial resistance and reactance ohm. Reflection Coefficient. Return loss is related to both standing wave ratio (SWR) and reflection coef-ficient (Γ). 780-444-6767A calculator designed to compute the VSWR, reflection coefficient, return loss and matching loss in a transmission line T-Pad Attenuator Calculator This calculator helps you determine the values of the resistors R1 and R2 to be used for a T-pad attenuator. If the power incident on a load is Pi P i and the power reflected by the load is Pr P r, then the return loss in decibels is [6, 7] RLdB = 10 log Pi Pr (2. It varies from 1 to (plus) infinity. Calculates will find VSWR, Return Loss, Mismatch Loss, and the Reflection Coefficient given any one of the listed input types. 1. If VSWR is known, then the reflection coefficient (Γ), return loss (RL),. This calculator allows calculation of VSWR from Zload (or Yload or S11) and Zo. 5:1 VSWR that appears on. Many antenna specification sheets list the VSWR and some list the return loss, but many do not. VSWR - Return Loss - Γ Conversions These are the standard set of equations for converting between VSWR, return loss, and reflection coefficient (Γ). VSWR is defined as the maximum voltage of the standing wave (E max) to the minimum voltage of the standing wave (E min ). 36 dB at an operating frequency of 1. 794But for a practical transmission system with load, there will be a small impedance mismatch that will lead to a small amount of incident power reflected back to the source. Reflection Coef. 868. The lowest value of the return loss and VSWR are found as -57. If you don't want to go through complicated equations to understand the relationship between VSWR, mismatch loss, s11/gamma and would like a calculator to do it for you, check out our VSWR. This ratio represented in dB is called as Return Loss. In the real world, a VSWR of 1. Then, take the logarithm base 10 of the result and multiply it by 20. The directivity would be limited to the corresponding return loss, 14 dB. 39 0. 93 dB. 43. 1. 8. The low-pass filter often is a natural choice for lumped element filters. Cascaded Noise Figure Calculator Calculate the input referred noise figure for cascaded stages. Channel Emulators/Simulators. This test determines the return loss value of each connector pair, cable component and cable to identify the problem location. Just enter the range and click calculate. e. Visit Return Loss to VSWR converter>> RF Calculator #5 :Understanding VSWR and Insertion Loss Plots; Understanding Crosstalk and Isolation Plots; 40-870 And 40-830 Series RF Architectures; Calibrating RF Modules with Souriau Connector; Solid State RF Switching to 6GHz; RF Level Conversion; VSWR Interaction; VSWR to Return Loss; Power Loss Due to VSWR of Series SwitchesB at a level of -32 dBm. This VSWR calculator will calculate return loss, mismatch loss, loss in percentage and the reflection coefficient. e. 979Return Loss (dB) Calculates Return Loss -13. This is a measurement of how much energy is either radiated or is dissipated in heat, due to resistive or dielectric losses. The calculated value is MUCH worse. 50 from 6 votes. 02 dB. The MAX2016 outputs the difference between the two power detectors. 500 1 Enter Reflected Power 4. The formula for mismatch loss is simply: mismatch loss= (1-|Γ| 2) alternatively, mismatch loss=1-ρ 2. dBm to Milli Watts Calculator. Insertion loss is the amount of energy that a signal loses as it travels along a cable link. Assuming the systems have no internal loss. 1. This is because the parasitics of lumped elements tend to kill the frequency response as you go higher in frequency. 0 or the results don't mean anything!). Convert the load VSWR to load return loss per the following equation: RL Improved = 2*Attenuator + RL Load [dB] (where RL=Return Loss) Of course, the method can be reversed to predict the attenuator required to improve a load VSWR by a predetermined amount. This attenuation calculator provides as output to the user the original return loss, the improved return loss and final VSWR. Measurement and control of gain and reflected power in wireless transmitters are critical auxiliary functions that are often overlooked. everything RF has the largest selection in online hand for the RF and Microwave Industry. This calculator uses the following formulas for converting the values between the VSWR, return loss, reflection coefficient, and mismatch loss. 5:1 VSWR is equivalent to -13. 98 dB. 0:1, 2. 43 20. Just enter the value and click calculate. At 1000 MHz, the S11 (dB) = -RL (dB) = -15 dB. 97dB. Return loss is a measure of how well devices or lines are matched. This test can be performed in the DTF Return Loss or DTF VSWR mode. According to the Andrew design guide, switching our rigid sections to 1. Voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR), or often given as just standing wave ratio (SWR), is the ratio between the transmitted and reflected voltage standing waves at a signal chain element incident node. 8. VSWR, Return Loss and Reflection Coefficient Calculators; Reflection Coefficient to. The Return Loss on the other hand deals usually with the voltages and is used in the VSWR measurements, either manually or through the instrumentation. ZoReturn Loss = incident power/ reflected power. Measure the power levels at the input and output of your cable, convert to units of dBm, and calculate the difference. Mismatch Loss: Convert VSWR to Return Loss, Reflection Coefficient, and Mismatch Loss with our easy conversion calculator. VSWR to Return Loss . sales@minicircuits. A network analyzer can be used to make S parameter measurements. Equitable enter the value and click calculate. But, for a practical system, there will be a small impedance. Use the S11 value in the calculator above to find the equivalent VSWR. 5:1 is considered ideal in the RF field, and. Unless you have a piece of slotted line-test equipment this is a hard definition to use, especially since the concept of voltage. The VSWR is an important measure of the quality of a radio antenna system. The first one is a VSWR-to-Return Loss converter, where I input a number that every RF engineer and technician should have memorized for easy reference: 1. 333, a mismatch loss of 0. Calculate SWR and return loss from impedance values. This formula is used to calculate the VSWR from the given return loss. offices email call. The ratio of the input to the reflected signal is called the Voltage Standing Wave Ratio (VSWR). The table below converts between VSWR, return loss, reflection coefficient,. At small VSWRs, the plus and minus. But, for a practical system, there will be a small impedance. VSWR Calculator. It uses the Voltage Standing Wave Ratio VSWR to first calculate the reflection coefficient Γ . RETURN RETURN RETURN RETURN RETURN LOSS VSWR LOSS VSWR LOSS VSWR LOSS VSWR LOSS VSWR (dB) (dB) (dB) (dB) (dB) return loss Vs. Return Loss or a VSWR: return loss (dB) (evaluated as neg. 000Match Efficiency (%) Calculates Match Efficiency. Return Loss or a VSWR: return loss (dB) (evaluated as neg. Calculations Pathloss / RSSI; Missmatch Loss; IP3 / SFDR Calculator; IP3, IP2, 1dB Comp. This is an ideal open or short circuit, equivalent to VSWR=infinite. 99 $ = 1-\Gamma^2$ Convert VSWR to Return Loss, Reflection Coefficient, and Mismatch Loss with our easy conversion calculator. This can be built into a FLEXI-BOX and a transmission line (50 Ohm track) PCB is available which easily adapts for this circuit with one simple trimming. S-parameters are a valuable tool for calculating reflection coefficients and transmission gains for a two-port network's input and output sides. If the antenna reflects 250 watts the VSWR at the antenna will be 1. However, each field, when changed will allow. everything RF has the big selection of get calculators for the RF and Microwave Industry. Calculates the resistor values, attenuation, minimum attenuation, 'impedance', reflection coefficient, VSWR and return loss of a matching Pi attenuator. The reflection coefficient is also known as s11 or return loss. The table is created by plotting VSWR values against the corresponding return loss values. 또한 안테나의 경우도 실무상에서 Return loss보다는 VSWR로써 비교할 때 좀더 실질적인 비교가 가능하기도 하다. everything RF has and largest selection of get home for the RF and Stove Industry. 8 GHz marks. The path loss that might be measured in a system however will not be this. Return Loss and Mismatch Loss Calculator. This impedance mismatch can be with a device inserted in the line or with the terminating load. As an added bonus, the results are modifiable and can calculate the other values. A simple, user-friendly RF / Microwave matching calculator that easily matches S1P and S2P files. Therefore, a VSWR of less than 1. It is expressed in dB. 0. Just enter the value real click calculate. VSWR is the voltage standing wave ratio it used to measure the all-types waves (example: antenna waves) during transmission. This is an online conversion tool for converting between VSWR, return loss and reflection coefficient, which are different ways to express how well a load is matched to a source. Lower insertion loss values are preferable, indicating less signal power loss and better component/system efficiency for RF applications. 847-592-6350;A higher Return Loss means more power has been reflected back from the load. 57. The VSWR can easily be converted into Return Loss ( RL R L ) using the following formula: RL = 20log10(VSWR + 1 VSWR − 1) R L = 20 log 10 ( V S W R + 1 V S W R − 1) Directional power meter. VSWR measures the ratio of voltage peaks and valleys. 5 (-14. com . See the vswr table below to see a numerical mapping between reflected power, s11 and VSWR. Return loss, also known as reflection loss, is a measure of the fraction of power that is not delivered by a source to a load. Given a return loss (variable = RL ) in dB, the VSWR is calculated as follows: The magnitude of the reflection coefficient is defined as Rho , where Rho = ( 10 ^ (RL/-20)): e. 0. A VSWR value of 2 or under is typically acceptable for antennae in communications systems. It's located in our download area . The return loss at the input and output ports can be calculated from the reflection coefficient, S 11 or S 22, as follows: RL IN = 20log10|S 11 | dB. Calculates the resistor values, attenuation, 'impedance', reflection coefficient, VSWR and return loss of a T attenuator. Consider the antenna being used in transmit mode. When an ideal match is not encountered by the incident (forward) wave, part of it is coupled to the load and part is reflected back to the source. We can then find the return loss as -20 * log(0. There is also a selection of suitable RF. VSWR. However, if the parasitics differ much from 0. Primary Sidebar. The VSWR value range from 1. Return Loss Calculator: RF-Calkulator: Single Layer Air Core Inductor Design, ON4AA: Sophisticated Helix Antenna Design: The Quarter-wave stub, LA8OKA: Types of Coax Cable and Line Loss: The self-inductances are calculated: VSWR calculator: VSWR Loss Calculator: VSWR to return loss conversion: Waveguide Slot Antenna Calculator,. 0 15. Calculates the resistor values, attenuation, minimum attenuation, impedance, reflection coefficient, VSWR and return loss of a resistive matching Pi attenuator. G = Gain. That is, the amount of signal reflected by a connector. 4300 | info@markimicrowave. VSWR (Voltage Standing Wave Ratio) is a measurement of how well matched a radio transmitter and transmission line is to a load such as an antenna. Dual Dielectric Coax Calculator. 21b) VSWR = 1/(q + p), where q = 0. The value of VSWR = 10 in the previous example is considered to be too high. Antenna efficiency doesn't cover reflected power due. A good VSWR to aim for is at least 1. 891: 6. This reduction of signal, also called attenuation, is directly related to the length of a cable—the longer the cable, the greater the insertion loss. R is the symbol for return loss, which as previously discussed is the ratio, in decibels, of incident power P incident to reflected power P reflected, or incident voltage to reflected voltage, described in the following two formulas. It may be used to calculate and plot the return loss, standing wave ratio from Smith charts, Real power Vs Frequency, VSWR, E-field and H-field distribution, gain as well as radiation patterns. Reflected power ratio for system 1 is 0. VSWR Number (#:1) As you can see, higher return losses mean more power into the antenna. frequency graph of the above assembly is shown in figure 5. Return Loss is a measure of the amount of energy that is reflected back at a discontinuity in a Radio Frequency Circuit . This online reflection coefficient to return loss calculator calculates the return loss (dB) by entering the reflection efficient Γ (= value. Now, let us investigate the physical meaning of return loss. The VSWR to Return Loss Table is a valuable tool for RF engineers, providing an easy way to calculate Return Loss and VSWR values for a given antenna system. 50:1, with a corresponding return loss of 3. This is an online calculator this calculates VSWR based to Return Loss. 1 Return Loss. You calculate return loss using the reflection coefficient, which measures the ratio of the reflected wave to the incident wave at a given point in the transmission system. This VSWR / Return Loss calculator allows you to compute corresponding VSWR, Return Loss, Reflection coefficient and Mismatch Loss values for the entered input. A Forward and Reflected Power to VSWR Calculator is a tool that helps to determine the Voltage Standing Wave Ratio (VSWR) of a transmission line by using measurements of the forward and reflected power. 8. 79. The graph below shows input return loss for an amplifier. Stripline Impedance calculator Smith charts VSWR/Return loss converter Wavelength calculator Wilkinson splitter designer. 7. Now, assume a "more perfect" termination of 51 ohms was used. 02 (51/50) which produces a return loss of 39 dB, an improvement of 13 dB over the 55-ohm termination. Equitable enter the value and click calculate. 64% or ±10 x log10 (103. 000:There are many antenna parameters out there. Reflection -3dB: half of the RF energy is being reflected, and thus half of the energy is being received by the device. 54 dB (11% of your transmitter power is reflected back). In order to improve the VSWR, this calculator also has an extra input for adding an attenuator to improve or reduce the system VSWR. As the VSWR increases, the quality of the match deteriorates and more power is reflected back. Calculations Pathloss / RSSI; Missmatch Loss; IP3 / SFDR Calculator; IP3, IP2, 1dB Comp. 43. These calculators help with unit conversions, VSWR calculations, attenuator design, antenna design, radars, and various other basic calculations that are often required. 891: 6. When using VSWR and Reflection Coefficient it is often encessary to use formulas or equations to determien the values. Return To Calculators. Put a decent isolator in your signal chain (typically ~1 dB insertion loss, >10 dB return loss and > 20 dB reverse isolation over relevant bandwidth) and subsequent VSWRs won't matter either. Solution: First the VSWR figures are converted to reflection coefficient magnitudes: Then the mismatch uncertainty is: M u = ±200 (0. To calculate the Return Loss, add 1 to the VSWR and divide the result by the VSWR minus 1. Return loss = 10 log (Pr / Pi) = 20 log (Er / Ei) For example, if a load has a return loss of -10 dB, then 1/10 of the incident power is reflected. Increasing return loss corresponds to lower SWR. VSWR (Voltage Standing Wave Ratio) is a measurement of how well matched a radio transmitter and transmission line is to a load. 98 dB return loss. For example, an efficiency of 0. —and calculates both the typical system return loss along with the worst case return loss. 30 MB. ☯ Return Loss=20log 10 (VSWR+1/VSWR-1) (dB)A calculator designed to compute the VSWR, reflection coefficient, return loss and matching loss in a transmission lineIt is the ratio between transmitted and reflected waves. 12] = 6 dB. Here's a simple VSWR calculator. Return loss is a meas-ure of how well devices or lines are matched. By converting between VSWR and RL, this calculator aids in assessing signal quality, minimizing signal loss, and ensuring efficient RF system. This is an online calculator that calculates Return Loss based on VSWR. reflection coefficient Calculator. Just by entering the. In general, a lower VSWR means a system and load is well matched with most of the power being radiated by the antenna and a relatively small amount reflected. Return loss is a measure in dB of the ratio of power in the incident wave to that in the reflected wave, and we define it to have a negative value. 0 5. The MCL Microwave Calculator performs 21 calculations commonly needed by RF and microwave system designers in a wide range of applications. Γ = Reflection coefficient. If we look at the Return Loss chart for this. A VSWR of 2:1 means the maxima are twice the voltage of the minima. Cable insertion loss is known to be 3 dB. Forward Power vs Return Loss Calculator RF calculators and converters. 98dB = 96. Click Here To Download Product Brochure. Hey, this part is pretty-well matched! You lose less than 0. How to fill out return loss to VSWR: First, calculate the return loss (RL) value using the formula RL = -20*log (VSWR+1). This is an online desktop this calcutes VSWR based on Return Net. Return Loss is the portion of a signal that is lost due to a reflection of power at a line discontinuity. Load return Loss Var4. These multiple solutions are possible because each contributor is a vector having both. everything RF has an largest selection of wired calculators for the RF and Microwave Industry. Forward Power (W) Reverse Power (W) VSWR. 6 Adding VSWR to the MixT Attenuator Calculator. The return loss is the ratio of the power of the. Previous Next. Return loss is the ratio between the reflected power and input power: $$ mathrm{RL}=frac{P_{ref}}{P_{in}} $$ If the input signal is 0 dBm and there is 25 dB return loss, then the component will create a reflected wave of -25 dBm back toward the. VSWR to Return Loss Formula VSWR = (1 + 10-RL/20)/ (1 - 10-RL/20) Example Calculation A Return. Use the S11 value in the calculator above to find the equivalent VSWR. Marki Microwave's Tools is a collection of free online applications for RF analysis and synthesis that are easy to use and mobile-friendly. Step 2. Just enter one value and snap calculate. Mismatch loss. How to Calculate VSWR . Return Loss to VSWR Calculator. The power reflected back from an antenna is specified using either the voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) or the reflection coefficient (also referred to as return loss). Assuming the systems have no internal loss. As we know that the reflection coefficient defines the amount of the electromagnetic wave is reflected due to the impedance discontinuity in a transmission path. 0:1 indicates perfection (there is no standing wave). $ = \Gamma^2 = 10^{-RL/10}$ Power transmitted ratio for system 1 is 0. VSWR (pronounced "viswar"), or the Voltage Standing Wave Ratio, is the ratio of the maximum standing wave amplitude at one node to the minimum amplitude at another node in a system. Note that we have a VSWR calculator that will allow you to convert between VSWR, mismatch loss and return loss!. Return loss and mismatch loss Calculator Return Loss and Mismatch Loss Calculator Calculates the absolute load impedance, reflection coefficient, VSWR, return. It is a necessary tool for designers when they want to ensure that their antennas are working correctly and performing as expected. It turns out that -13. A match is good if the return loss is. For. Take a look at the Return Loss chart below for one of our dual band Wi-Fi antennas which performs really well around the 2. The input to the antenna will be 8,511 watts. 4569. An antenna’s Return Loss is a figure that indicates the proportion of radio waves arriving at the antenna input that are rejected as a ratio against those that are accepted. In general, a lower VSWR means a system and load is well matched with most of the power being radiated by the antenna and a relatively small amount reflected back. The equivalent VSWR is 1. This calculator shows how return loss (VSWR) affects forward power and calculates the power loss difference caused by two different return loss paths. This can and online calculator that calculates VSWR based on Return Loss. Bernard Sklar, Communications Engineer and author. Return Loss has surfaced in our ham world due to the new handheld antenna system analyzers like the Nano VNA and others. Return Loss in decibels (RLdb): Definition: Return loss is the ratio between Forward and Reflected Power in decibels. When the VSWR is known, the return loss can be calculated as: Or in Excel, use the following formula: =20*LOG10 ( (I2-1)/ (I2+1))*-1. 0 10. 01. Calculate. When someone says that the antenna is poorly matched, very often it means that the VSWR value exceeds 2 for a frequency of interest. Γ = (VSWR – 1)/(VSWR + 1) Return Loss (dB) = -20*Log 10 (|Γ|) Mismatch Loss (dB) = -10*Log 10 (1 – |Γ| 2) That said, there are also passive non-reciprocal devices such as isolators, circulators (and gyrators). How to improve the Return Loss of an amplifier. Stage: NF (dB) Gain (dB)0. This site comprises a comprehensive array of tutorials and related tools, including explanations, examples, references and charting. directly calculate and display the resulting VSWR value. 50 = -13. But the meter at the transmitter will show a VSWR of 1. 868. return loss Calculator. Coupling to Direct Line Insertion Loss Conversion Table for Directional Couplers. 458:1 in VSWR equals 14. To do so, calculate the desired return loss and subtract the known load return. Enter the Noise Figure and gain for each stage. A match is good if the return loss is high. Calculate Reset . Just enter the value and click calculate. Reflected power ratio for system 1 is 0. In summary, return loss is the loss of signal power due to signal reflection or return by a discontinuity in a fiber-optic link or transmission line. This is an online calculator that calculated Returned Loss based on VSWR. In order to improve the VSWR, this calculator also has an extra input for adding an attenuator to improve or reduce the system VSWR. A table of convenient values are presented at the bottom. Return loss is always expressed in dB, which is a logarithmic scale. In some systems this is not a trivial amount and points to the need for components with low VSWR. Cable impedance ohm. VSWR to Return Loss Conversion Table. e. RL = 20 * log10 ( (VSWR + 1) / (VSWR - 1)) RL = 20 ∗ log10( (V S W R + 1)/(V S W R − 1)) Variables: RL is the Return Loss (dB) VSWR is the Voltage Standing Wave Ratio. The reflection coefficient is calculated from the VSWR and used to compute the mismatch loss in dB as shown below. AJ4CO Observatory Online Calculator. This VSWR calculator will calculate return loss, mismatch loss, loss in percentage and the reflection coefficient. . 778. Forward Power Watts ? Reflected Power Watts ? VSWR →. If “V” is used, then the ratio is defined to voltage level of a standing wave at a line. See full list on allaboutcircuits. Cascaded Output IP3: O i P 3 C = 1 1 I P 3 N − 1 ⋅ G N + 1 I P 3 N [ m W] I P 3 C = 10 ⋅ l o g ( I P 3 C) [ d B m] C = cumulative up to and including stage N. 54 dB (11% of your transmitter power is reflected back). With the initial values in place, you need only click on Calculate. Γ = (VSWR – 1)/(VSWR + 1) Return Loss (dB) = -20*Log 10 (|Γ|) Mismatch Loss (dB) = -10*Log 10 (1. 62 GHz, and the measured return loss for the fabricated antenna was −19. Voltage Standing Wave Ratio (VSWR) is defined as the ratio of the maximum to the minimum voltage on a loss-less line.